El subsecretario general para Asuntos Humanitarios de la ONU, Jan Egeland, ha acusado a Israel del uso "totalmente inmoral" de bombas de racimo en el Líbano. Asegura que los expertos de la ONU han encontrado hasta cien mil de estos artefactos sin explotar en 359 localidades.

Cada uno de estos proyectiles contiene 184 pequeñas bombas -del tamaño de una granada- que se desperdigan sobre el terreno, convirtiéndolo en un campo de minas. Los explosivos se confunden con la tierra o el cemento, por su color pardo se ocultan fácilmente entre la maleza o se confunden con piedras.

Todas las personas que se encuentren a una distancia de quince metros a la redonda de ellas pueden resultar muertas o gravemente heridas. La distancia de seguridad es de treinta metros, según los expertos.

Trágicas últimas horas

"Lo que es chocante y para mí completamente inmoral es que el 90% del lanzamiento de estas bombas ocurrió en las últimas 72 horas del conflicto, cuando se sabía que había una resolución para poner fin a la guerra", ha afirmado Egeland en Nueva York.

La Convención de Ginebra sólo permite utilizar este tipo de bombas contra objetivos militares, pero la mayoría de las que han encontrado los expertos de la ONU se hallan en áreas civiles.

El pasado 28 de agosto, El Mundo publicó que, tras el conflicto, unas treinta mil bombas sin estallar sembraban el Líbano.

Hasta ahora, Israel ha asegurado que las municiones que ha empleado en sus ataques se ajustan al Derecho Internacional. Sin embargo, anteriores estimaciones de expertos de la ONU apuntaban a que se habían encontrado estas bombas en un centenar de lugares.

No es el único hallazgo que cuestiona las técnicas de Israel, que según algunos informes podría haber utilizado bombas de fósforo blanco, un arma química prohibida en los tratados internacionales.

"Las bombas de racimo han afectado a grandes áreas, incluidas viviendas privadas, tierras de cultivos, negocios comerciales y tiendas. Estarán con nosotros por muchos meses, posiblemente años. Cada día, hay gente herida o que muere por estas armas", añade Egeland.

"Los civiles morirán de forma desproporcionada otra vez, incluso después de acabada la guerra", advierte.

Enlaces relacionados:

• Arms Sales Monitoring Project (ASMP)
• Center for Nonproliferation Studies - - - Chemical and Biological Weapons Resource Page (Monterey Institute of International Studies)
• Cluster Munition Coalition
• Handicap International
• International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL)
• Landmine Action
• Mines Advisory Group (MAG)
• Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
• United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS)

UN clearance experts had so far found 100,000 unexploded cluster bomblets at 359 separate sites, Jan Egeland said.

Israel has repeated its previous insistence that munitions it uses in conflict comply with international law.

Earlier, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert rebuffed UN chief Kofi Annan's calls for a swift end to Israel's air and sea blockade of Lebanon.

After talks with Mr Annan, Mr Olmert said the siege would only be lifted once the ceasefire terms were fully implemented.

This included the release of two Israeli soldiers whose capture by Hezbollah militants sparked the conflict.

But a Lebanese Hezbollah cabinet minister said there would be no unconditional release of the soldiers - the pair would only be freed as a result of a prisoner exchange with Israel.

UN efforts to rid Lebanon of cluster bombs have been under way since the conflict ended. Earlier estimates from UN experts had suggested a total of about 100 cluster bomb sites.

Mr Egeland described the fresh statistics as "shocking new information".

"What's shocking and completely immoral is: 90% of the cluster bomb strikes occurred in the last 72 hours of the conflict, when we knew there would be a resolution", he said.

The UN ceasefire resolution which ended the month-long conflict between Israel and Hezbollah was agreed by the Security Council on Friday, 11 August, and came into effect on Monday, 14 August.

Mr Egeland added: "Cluster bombs have affected large areas - lots of homes, lots of farmland. They will be with us for many months, possibly years".

"Every day, people are maimed, wounded and killed by these weapons. It shouldn't have happened".

Mr Egeland said his information had come from the UN Mine Action Coordination Centre, which had undertaken assessments of nearly 85% of the bombed areas in Lebanon.

Earlier this week the US state department launched an inquiry into whether Israel misused US-made cluster bombs in Lebanon during the conflict.

A senior White House official told the BBC that the investigation would focus on whether US-made weapons were used against non-military targets.

Blockade defended

At their talks in Jerusalem, Mr Annan and Mr Olmert discussed the deployment of UN troops in Lebanon as well as the continuing blockade.

The UN chief said he hoped Israel would withdraw from southern Lebanon once 5,000 UN peacekeepers were on the ground "in the coming days and weeks".

The BBC's Jill McGivering, in Jerusalem, said Mr Annan and Mr Olmert emerged from their meeting with little sign of the gap between them having narrowed.

Mr Annan's Jerusalem talks followed a visit to Lebanon as part of a regional tour aimed at bolstering the truce between Israel and Hezbollah.

After his talks in Israel, Mr Annan flew to the West Bank for talks with Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas.

At a joint press conference in Ramallah, Mr Annan said that more than 200 Palestinians had been killed since the end of June, and the violence had to stop.

Mr Annan has now arrived in Jordan for talks with King Abdullah II, after which he is expected to proceed to Syria.

El Mundo

BBC News

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